Haɗin sinadarai na ruwa biyu - kayan aikin kumfa yawanci yana kunshe ne da bangaren A (bangaren isocyanate) da bangaren B (yanayin polyol). Bayan haɗuwa, sassan biyu suna amsawa don samar da kumfa. Mai zuwa shine takamaiman bincike:
1. Bangaren A (bangaren isocyanate)
• Babban abubuwan da aka gyara: polyisocyanates, mafi yawan su ne toluene diisocyanate (TDI) da diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), ban da polymeric MDI (PAPI).
• Aiki: A matsayin "wakili mai hayewa" na amsawa, yana amsawa tare da rukunin hydrogen mai aiki a cikin bangaren B kuma shine ainihin albarkatun kasa don samuwar tsarin kumfa.
2.Component B (bangaren polyol)
Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan sassa daban-daban waɗanda ke shiga cikin amsawa da daidaita kaddarorin kumfa:
• Polyols: irin su polyether polyol da polyester polyol, waɗanda ke samar da hydroxyl ({0}}OH) da amsa tare da -NCO ƙungiyar isocyanate, kafa tushen kwarangwal na kumfa.
• Wakilin kumfa: yana samar da iskar gas don faɗaɗa cakuda da samar da kumfa. Na yau da kullun sune magungunan kumfa ta jiki (misali, Freon musanya, cyclopentane) da kuma sinadarai masu kumfa (misali, ruwa, wanda ke amsawa da isocyanate don samar da carbon dioxide).
• Mai kara kuzari: Yana saurin amsawa, kamar amine mai kara kuzari (yana inganta halayen kumfa) da mai kara kuzari na organotin (yana haɓaka halayen gel).
• Surfactants: daidaita tsarin kumfa kuma hana kumfa daga fashewa. Suna yawanci siloxane mahadi.
• Sauran abubuwan da ake ƙarawa: irin su masu ɗaukar wuta, masu cikawa, masu launi, da sauransu, waɗanda aka ƙara bisa ga buƙatun aikace-aikacen don inganta haɓakar wuta, ƙarfi da sauran kaddarorin kumfa.
3.Ka'idar amsawa
Lokacin da aka gauraya bangarorin A da B, -}ungiyoyin NCO na isocyanate suna amsawa da -Rukunin OH na polyols da ruwa, suna fitar da iskar gas (kumfa) don samar da kayan kumfa. Takamaiman ma'auni da nau'ikan abubuwan da aka gyara suna ƙayyade yawan kumfa, taurin, kaddarorin daɗaɗɗen zafi, da sauran halaye. Wannan madaidaicin abu yana samo aikace-aikace masu yawa a cikin tsarin rufewa, mafita na marufi, masana'antar kayan daki, da masana'antu masu alaƙa.