Tsarin vulcanization gama gari an kasasu da farko zuwa manyan rukuni biyu:Tsarin vulcanization na peroxide radical da tsarin vulcanization ƙari platinum. Bugu da ƙari, akwai wasu ƴan wasu na'urori na musamman. Zaɓin takamaiman tsarin yana tasiri kai tsaye kan tsarin kumfa, aikin samfur, da farashi.
- Peroxide Radical Vulcanization Systems
Wannan shine tsarin vulcanization mafi al'ada kuma ana amfani da shi sosai, wanda ke fara ƙetare haɗin roba na silicone ta hanyar radicals kyauta waɗanda ke haifar da bazuwar thermal na peroxides.
Nau'in peroxides na yau da kullun:
(1)2,4-Dichlorobenzoyl peroxide (DCB):
Yana bayyana azaman fari zuwa kodadde rawaya granules, foda, ko manna. A halin yanzu, sau da yawa ana tsara shi a cikin manna ko tarwatsewa ta amfani da man siliki ko wasu dillalai don haɓaka amincin aiki da rarrabawa.
DCBP yawanci bazuwa ne a cikin kewayon zafin jiki na digiri 90 zuwa digiri 120, yana mai da shi ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman bargawar kwayoyin peroxides. Rushewar sa cikin sauri yana haifar da radicals kyauta waɗanda ke hanzarta haɗin giciye na polymer{3}}, yana haɓaka ingantaccen samarwa da ba da damar rushewa cikin sauri. Koyaya, wannan tsari yana samar da samfuran acidic kamar iskar hydrogen chloride da 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid, waɗanda zasu iya yin lahani ga kwanciyar hankali na thermal, rufin lantarki, da matsawa nakasu na dindindin na samfurin ƙarshe.
Benzoyl dichloride peroxide babban mahimmin tarihi ne -ƙananan ayyuka{1}makila mai lalata yanayin zafi. Yana da halaye na fasaha daban-daban kuma ya kasance wani abu mai mahimmanci don kumfa gel silica. Koyaya, tare da karuwar buƙatun kariyar muhalli, aminci, da aikin samfur, an ƙalubalanci matsayinsa ta ƙarin ci gaba da tsarin ɓarna muhalli.
(2) 
2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxycyclohexane) ( DBPMH :
Siffar kayayyaki gama gari: Manna ko ruwa (yawanci ana diluted da silicone oil, silica, ko calcium carbonate azaman dillalai don haɓaka amincin aiki da tarwatsawa a cikin mahaɗan roba) kama daga fari zuwa rawaya mai haske tare da tsaftar 40% -50%. Ba kasafai ake samuwa a cikin tsaftataccen tsari ba.
Yanayin bazuwar bis (2,5-dimethylphenyl) sulfide (DCBP) ya fi girma fiye da na bis (2,5-dimethylphenyl) sulfide (DCBP) (~ 100 digiri). Wannan yana buƙatar aiwatar da tsarin vulcanization / kumfa a yanayin zafi mafi girma (yawanci tare da yanayin zafi mai kama daga 165 zuwa digiri 180).
Babban samfuran lalata na DBPMH sun haɗa da tert{0}butanol, acetone, ethane, da nitrogen (daga wakilin kumfa).
Waɗannan samfuran ruɓewa duk ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ne, ba su da sinadarai na acidic kuma marasa lahani, don haka ba sa haifar da lahani ga gyare-gyare da kayan aiki. Wannan mahimmanci yana ƙaddamar da rayuwar sabis na ƙira kuma yana rage farashin kulawa. Bugu da ƙari, warin su yana da sauƙi, yana haifar da yanayin samar da muhalli wanda zai iya kaiwa ga rashin wari.
Na biyu, DCBP{0} vulcanized silica gel foam board yana buƙatar ba zato ba tsammani na biyu ko kaɗan kawai, yana rage yawan amfani da kuzari da lokacin sarrafawa.
Na uku, tsarin dual 2,5, azaman bifunctional peroxide (inda kwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya zasu iya samar da radicals kyauta guda biyu masu aiki akan bazuwar), yana ba da damar samar da yunifom da yawa C-C cross- cibiyar sadarwa mai alaƙa.
Sakamakon haka, yana ba da samfur ɗin tare da ƙaƙƙarfan kwanciyar hankali na zafi, babban juriya ga nakasar matsawa ta dindindin, da ingantaccen kayan aikin injiniya{0}. DBPMH -kayayyakin silicone mara kyau na iya jure wa dogon lokaci{3}} bayyanar zafi a yanayin zafi har zuwa digiri 180 -200, wanda ya zarce waɗanda aka lalata da DCBP.
Cibiyar sadarwar da ke hayewa tana da tsayi, kuma aikin bazara yana da kyau bayan dogon lokaci{0}} matsawa, kuma cikakkun kaddarorin kamar ƙarfin ɗaure da tsagewa suna da kyau.
- Platinum Addition Vulcanization Systems
Tsarin kumfa na platinum yana wakiltar mafi girman ci gaba kuma mafi girman maganin vulcanization a fagen kumfa silicone. Ba "wakili mai kumfa" ba amma sai dai cikakken tsarin sinadarai ne wanda ke amfani da hadaddun platinum (Pt) a matsayin masu kara kuzari don cimma giciye - haɗi ta hanyar haɓakar silane. A lokacin wannan tsari, yana aiki tare tare da wakilai na kumfa na jiki don samar da kayan kumfa.
1. Ƙa'idar mahimmanci: Ƙarfafa amsawa, ba radical reaction ba
Ya bambanta da tsattsauran ra'ayi - ingantacciyar hanyar haɗin gwiwa ta peroxides (misali, DBPMH), tsarin platinum{3}} yana dogara ne da daidaitattun halayen ƙari. A ƙarƙashin platinum catalysis, haɗin biyu na ƙungiyar vinyl yana fuskantar ƙari mai ƙididdigewa ga haɗin silane, yana samar da tsayayyen carbon -carbon da silicon{6}}haɗin carbon don gina hanyar sadarwa mai girma uku-.
Babban fa'idodi guda huɗu na tsarin kumfa platinum:
Babu ta -samfuri, ultra{1}} tsafta.Tare da ƙarancin abun ciki mara ƙarfi, yana cika ƙaƙƙarfan ƙamshi da buƙatun sharar abinci don saduwa da abinci, na'urorin likitanci, manyan na'urorin lantarki na ƙarshe, da sauran filayen.
Nagartaccen kwanciyar hankali na thermal da karko.Ƙarƙashin tsayin matsa lamba ko yanayin zafi mai tsayi, yana nuna matsakaicin girman nakasawa, yana kiyaye hatimin hatimi da kwantar da aikin na tsawon lokaci.
Kyakkyawan aiki a cikin aminci da sarrafawa.Tsarin vulcanization yana da iko sosai, yana haɗa aminci tare da babban inganci.
Tsarin pore yana da sauƙin sarrafawa.Haɗin haɗin kai cikin sauri da tsabta yana iya "kulle" gas ɗin, samar da tsarin pore tare da rufaffiyar ƙimar tantanin halitta da girman pore iri ɗaya.
Kalubalen Tsarin Kumfa na Platinum:
Matsakaicin tsadar tsada: Masu haɓakar Platinum suna da tsada sosai, suna kashe dozin zuwa ɗaruruwan sau fiye da peroxides.
Matsanancin hankali ga "dafi": gano adadin nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, tin, mahadi gubar, da kuma wasu amines na kwayoyin halitta da chlorides, na iya har abada "guba" platinum catalysts, sa su zama marasa aiki kuma suna haifar da rashin cika sulfidation. Wannan yana ƙulla ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatu akan tsabtar albarkatun ƙasa, yanayin samarwa, da kayan aikin aiki.
Ma'ajiya da sarrafa buƙatun suna da tsauri: Ana ba da shi azaman nau'i biyu{0}ƙirƙirar ɓangarori (A/B), suna buƙatar ajiya mai sanyi, kuma dole ne a yi amfani da shi cikin ƙayyadadden lokaci bayan haɗawa.
- Sauran tsarin vulcanization:
Tsarin vulcanization na ultraviolet:Ana ƙara masu ɗaukar hoto zuwa roba na silicone, kuma ana samun saurin warkewa ta hanyar hasken ultraviolet. Abũbuwan amfãni: Ana iya ɓarna shi nan take a yanayin zafin ɗaki, wanda shine makamashi{1} ajiyar kuɗi kuma yana da inganci sosai. Iyakance: Hasken ultraviolet yana da iyakataccen ikon shiga kuma ya dace da madaidaicin sirara ko sirara -tabbatattun sutura ko zanen gado. Don allunan kumfa masu kauri, yana da wahala a cimma daidaituwa iri ɗaya a ko'ina.
Hot vulcanized m silicone roba: Yana amfani da tsarin peroxide mai kama da na robar siliki mai gauraya, kuma ana yin shi da kumfa bayan haɗawar ciki da buɗewa. Tsarin yana da ingantacciyar al'ada kuma ya dace don yin samfuran kumfa mai ƙima na wani kauri.